at

at(X, [index])

If only one parameter is specified:

• X is a Boolean expression or a vector.

If both parameters are specified:

• X is a scalar/vector (including tuples and array vectors)/matrix/table/dictionary/pair/function;
• index is a Boolean expression/Boolean value/scalar/vector (including tuples and array vectors)/pair.

In the first case, return the indexes of the elements of X that are true.

In the second case:

• If index is a Boolean expression, at returns the elements in X that correspond to the elements in Y that are true. Function at is equivalent to brackets operator []. For example, X.at(X>3) is equivalent to X[X>3].

• If index is a vector, at retrieves the elements from X at the positions as specified by each element of index.

• If index is a tuple, each element in the tuple specifies an index into the corresponding dimension of X. at retrieves the element(s) at the specified position as specified by the indices. For example, when X is a matrix, index must be a tuple of two elements - the first element indicates the row index, and the second element indicates the column index.

• If index is a pair like a:b, at returns the elements from X in the range [a,b).

• If index is an array vector, each row of index specifies indices to retrieve from X. The result is an array vector with the same dimension as index.

Note: When index refers to column/row index, or an index range, for elements outside the bounds of the X (i.e. outside of [0, size(X)-1]), the corresponding positions in X will return NULL values.

If X is a function, index specifies the arguments of X. When index is a tuple, each element of the tuple is passed as an argument to X.

x=5 7 0 4 2 3
at(x>3)
// output: [0,1,3] 
// at position 0, 1, and 3, x>3 is true.

// compare with x>3:
x>3;
// output: [1,1,0,1,0,0]

x[x>3]
// output: [5,7,4]

x at x>3
// output: [5,7,4]

x=5 7 0 0 0 3
at(x==0)
// output: [2,3,4]

x[x==0]
// output: [0,0,0]

shares=500 1000 1000 600 2000
prices=25.5 97.5  19.2 38.4 101.5
prices[shares>800]
// output: [97.5,19.2,101.5]

prices at shares>800
// output: [97.5,19.2,101.5]

m=(1..6).reshape(2:3)
m;

at(m>3)
// output: [3,4,5]

m[m>3] // equal to m at m>3

Note the difference between using a vector versus a tuple for index:

m at [0,2]  // locate column 0 and 2

m at (0,2) // locate element at a specific column and a specific row
// output: 5

m at 0:2  // locate column 0 and 1

When index is an array vector:

a = array(INT[], 0, 10).append!([0 2 3, 0 5, 0 8 8, 9 10])
b =[1, 2, 3]

at(b, a)
// output: [[1,3, ], [1, ], [1, , ], [ , ]]

at(a,a>3)
// output: [,[5],[8,8],[9,10]]

When X is a function, and index is a tuple to be passed as an argument:

score = (60, 70);
at(add,score)
//output: 130